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Titles to Look Out For:
[in alphabetical order, dated to earliest edition. Each entry includes later editions]
1993. Australia in the World edited by Don Grant and Graham Seal
2000. A System of Ambition: British Foreign Policy 1660-1793
1989. Berlin. From Symbol of Confrontation to Keystone of Stability by James S. Sutterlin and David Klein
1995. Controlling the International Transfer of Weaponry and Related Technology edited by David Carlton
2002. The Global Community: Migration and the Making of the Modern World by W. M. Spellman
1967. The Reluctant Imperialists: British Foreign Policy 1878-1902. Volume Two: The Documents
1995. Strengthening the Capacity of NGOs: Cases of Small Enterprise Development Agencies in Africa
1995. Turks & Greeks: Neighbours in Conflict

• Australia in the World: Perceptions and Possibilities [top]
  Edited by Don Grant and Graham Seal
  First published in 1993 in Australia in paperback by Black Swan Press, Centre for Australian Studies, Curtin University, Box U1987, 385pp, ISBN 0646164872

About this book: The conference 'Outside Images of Australia: How Others See Us' was held in the Hyatt Regency Hotel, Perth, between 6-10 July, 1992. More than three years in the planning, the conference attracted prominent speakers from many professions and disciplines and from most parts of the world. Attendances were high, both for the full conference and for individual sessions, and resulted in major coverage in the local and national media and in South East Asia. As Dennis Blight says in his Introduction, the conference established a new pattern for future investigations. Significant contributions were also made in redefining aspects of Australia's relations with some other countries, not only in the Asia-Pacific region, which has been for some time the central focus of much of Australia's attention. This volume broadly follows the organisation plan decided for the conference, that is, to link themes where possible, but within the framework of regional geography. Most sections commence with the papers delivered by the lead speaker or speakers. Following these, papers are arranged where possible in clusters which share overlapping themes pertinent to the particular regions. Not all the papers presented at the conference have been reproduced in this volume. Some were not provided for the editors or were placed elsewhere. Some, good in themselves, did not link closely enough with the conference theme. All the papers have been edited in some way, sometimes by the authors and sometimes by the editors.

Firstly, the conference was organised in Ross Garnaut's words to 'take us through the perceptions of our old cultural and political associates in Europe, through the perceptions of the Americans...and (to) the Asia-Pacific perceptions which are shaping much of our contemporary reality'. Other papers and comments point to the contemporary importance of central and Eastern Europe; and Doireann MacDermott's view that Australia will surely not wish to sever its link with its European heritage and the European Economic Community, potentially [at the time of publication] a grouping of 19 countries representing 380 million people and 40% of world trade.

Ngara, noting a bias towards Asia, suggested that Africa's time may come and Australians have neither the ideological orientation, nor the money to think of themselves as having global interests.

Secondly, Donald Horne provided three themes that were reflected in subsequent papers. He spoke of the importance of image issues in terms of:
1) how we [Australians] see ourselves and how this affects how we act within the world
2) how others see us [Australians] and how that affects the way in which they [non-Australians] relate to us
3) how others see us and how that impacts on how we see ourselves

Donald Horne provided us with sketches of how we pretend to be (yobbos, sons of ockers) and how we promote ourselves (semi-naked males doing things with shrimps) to the reality of the subtlety and diversity of our nature. Doireann MacDermott expressed the astonishment of Europeans at what seems our masochistic delight in delving into defects. Are we [Australians] really a people crippled by self-hatred, a land that has forsaken god, the great philistines, cutters down of tall poppies and so on? Alison Broinowski also pointed to the negative views towards Australia of Australian expatriates who immersed themselves in Asian culture - we are barbaric philistines. Does this result from an immersion in Asian culture, or do expatriates take a cultural self-loathing with them?

Contents:
Preface by Don Grant and Graham Seal
Introduction

Australia and New Zealand
The Death of the Dinkum Aussie by Donald Horne
Advance Australia Where? by Richard Woolcot
The Outsider's Gaze and the Representation of Australia by Richard White
A Measured Gaze: James Herbert Curle's Travels in Australia by Ron Blaber
Inside Images by Outsiders: Stereotypes of and by both black and white Australians by Patsy Poppenbeek
Looking at Them Looking at Us: Jack Davis's No Sugar by Brian Dibble and Margaret MacIntyre
Telling Stories: Agency and Audience in Aboriginal Women's Autobiography by Anne Brewster
The Outsider with Inside Knowledge?: Migrant Writing, Assimilationism and Recent Theory by David Carter
Television Advertising: Iconography of a Mythic Australian Identity? by Victor Oost
'Colony to Nation, Wool to Culture': Australian Cultural Relations Policy in the Twentieth Century by Stephen Alomes
Science Down Under by Kerrie Mullins Gunst
Fog Over the Tasman: New Zealand Attitudes to Australia by Ian Reid

Australia and Europe
As We See You by Doireann MacDermott
Cross-National Careers: The Interchange of Women Scientists To and From Australia by Nessy Allan
From Scientific Curiosity to Commercial Prospect: Changing French Images of Australia in the Nineteenth Century by Maurice Blackman
French Adolescents' Perceptions of Australia by Mary de Jabrun
Australia in Italy: Codes and Registers for the Interpretation of a Geographical Image by Flavio Lucchesi
Method and Options in the Experience of Australia in the Writings of Travellers and Immigrants by Rita Pasqualini
The Institutional Mediation of Australian Literature in Western Europe by Ulla Joussen
The Songlines: A Very British Perception by Ruth Brown
Why the Neighbours Phenomenon in Britain? by Stephen Crofts
Green Among the Gold: Some Irish Ideas About Australia by Bob Reece
Beating Up Keating: British Media and the Republic by Geoffrey Bolton

Australia and North America
Australia in America: Images and Effects by Henry S. Albinski
Bruce Sutherland and Images of Australia by Nancy M. Tischler and Nan Albinski
The American Image of Australia: An Historical Perspective by Joseph Siracusa
Australia Through the Eyes of American Diplomats in the 1930s and 40s by Peter Edwards
In Imitation of Our Progress: American Perceptions of Australian Underdevelopment During the Second World War by Kay Saunders and Lynette Finch
'Looking for Mister G'Day': Images of Australia in Canadian Magazines by Adam Shoemaker
International Images of Australia: The Smithsonian Festival of American Folklife by Gwenda Beed Davey

Australia and the Indian Ocean Rim
An African View of Academic Australia: The Impressions of Fungai Mufambi by Emmanuel Ngara
'The Discovery of Australia': Editorial Voyages from Nehru's India by Ken McPherson and Peter Reeves
Australia as Refracted Through its Contemporary Poetry: An Indian Reflection by Rajeev Patke

Australia and the Broad Asian Region
The New Gold Mountain and the Young Green Tree by Ross Garnaut
The Australia Asian Might Not See by Wang Gungwu (1)
Australia's Identity in Asia by Wang Gungwu (2)
The Expatriate Shift: Australia Viewed from Asia by Alison Broinowski
Speaking In-Between: A Personal View of Australian Tertiary Education by Jacqueline Lo
Australian Music: Positioning for Fluidity Within Asia by Joseph E. E. Peters
'An Iron Curtain Canberra Style': Asian Perceptions of the White Australia Policy by Sean Brawley
Outside Images of Australia: The Role of Australian Radio and Television by Richard Broinowski

Australia and South-East Asia
'The Web That Has No Weaver': Observations on Australia - China Cultural Exchange since 1979 by Nicholas Jose
Australia from the Chinese View: Results of a Survey by Chen Hong
Re-Presenting China: The Impact of Australian Culture on Chinese Artists by Amanda Yorke
'Golden Dreams and Grey Realities': Chinese Students' Perceptions of Australia and Australians by Gordon Forth
Some Reflections Arising from a Semester's Appointment at a Teacher Education Institute in China by Edward R. Rush
Australian Studies in China by Zhu Jiong-Quiang
Hoju-Australia: Korean Perceptions of the Land 'Down Under' by Cynthia Vanden Driesen

Australia and Japan
'Australia Seemed Closer than Tokyo': Japanese Labourers in Australia, 1870s-1940s by Regina Ganter
Cross-Cultural Communication Between Japan and Australia: The Responses of Japanese Student and Managers to Central Queensland Culture and Lifestyle, 1989-1992 by David Myers and Shozo Hibino

Australia and Indonesia
The Real Problem: How Do Australian See Themselves? by Sabam Siagian
Australia Must Be Wrong: Indonesian Images of Australia by David Reeve
The Problem of Images in Australian Relations with Southeast Asia, with Particular Reference to Indonesia by Lambert Kelabora
Some Indonesian Perceptions of Australian Journalism: Implications of Cultural Politics and Political Culture by Damien Kingsbury
Kangaruda: Discovering the Nataral Affinity Between Australia and Indonesia by Andre Malan

Notes on Contributors

• A System of Ambition: British Foreign Policy 1660-1793 [top]
  Written by Jeremy Black
  Published on April 8, 1991 in Great Britain by Longman in hardback, 300pp, ISBN 0582080142
  Published on June 2, 1991 in Great Britain by Longman in paperback, 300pp, ISBN 0582004756
  2nd Revised Edition published on March 23, 2000 in Great Britain by (Alan) Sutton Publishing Limited, in paperback, 304pp, ISBN 0750922788
  Cover illustration: The Duke of Marlborough at the fall of Lille, 1708; tapestry woven by Judocus de Vos, Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire (photograph Bridgeman Art Library, London)

About this book/synopsis: In 1791, in reaction to the exertion by William Pitt the Younger's government of diplomatic pressure and the threat of naval force to determine the outcome of the struggle between Russia and Turkey in the Balkans, the playwright and opposition MP, Sheridan attacked what he called 'the system of ambition, of vain glory' in British foreign policy.

Foreign policy was of central concern in Britain between 1660 and 1793. It affected and interested no only politicians but also all those involved in matters of economics and religion - with taxation, religion and the succession being intimately bound up with Britain's alignment in Europe. It was a time of state-making and of colonial expansion and empire building. A time of expansion, consolidation, and the protection of interests.

Jeremy Black's respected history of British foreign policy in this crucial and fascinating era deals with all the major conflicts, including the Anglo-Dutch Wars; the wars of the Spanish and Austrian Successions, the Seven Years War and the American and French revolutions. It includes the role of parliament; the influence of the crown; the diplomatic system; the impact of military considerations; the importance of trade and the growing effect of public opinion and the press. It is a fascinating record of Britain's rise to spectacular greatness on the world stage and will be invaluable for any sutden of 18th Century British and European history.

About the author: Jeremy Black is (accurate as of October 3, 2015), Professor of History at the University of Exeter and has published many books including Pitt the Elder: The Great Commoner; Why Wars Happen, Culloden and the '45; and A New History of England; and Historical Atlas of Great Britain: Middle Ages to the Georgian Era v. 2 (National Trust)

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• Berlin: From Symbol of Confrontation to Keystone of Stability [top]
  Written by James S. Sutterlin and David Klein
  Transcribed by (amongst others): Mr. V. Subramanian; and Ms. Jill Dale; Final Manuscript prepared by Ms. Betty Faison
  First published in 1989 in the United States of America by Praeger, in hardback, 233pp, ISBN 0275932591
  Other Relevant Pages: World War 2

About this book: After World War 2, as long as Berlin remained a source of tension and confrontation between East and West, stabilization of the broader East-West relationship in Europe was compromised. The negotiations of the Four Powers that culminated in the Quadripartite Agreement of September 3, 1971, we an effort to eliminate Berlin as a continuing burden on the relationship between Moscow and the Western Powers, especially the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany. To a remarkable extent, the effort succeeded. Stabilization of relations in Berlin was achieved not by defining a new status for the city or by altering the legal position of either side. On the contrary, a basic principle of the Quadripartite Agreement as drafted is that previous agreements and decisions of the Four Powers are not affected. Their rights and responsibilities - as interpreted by each side - remain unchanged. Thus, the modus vivendi that has been achieved in Berlin rests on the whole history of the relationship between the Americans and the British, and later the French, on the one side, and the Russians, on the other, with regard to the city. The purpose of this book is to trace that history and to examine in some detail how the Quadripartite Agreement was formulated and negotiated in order to bring about a notably improved situation without changing the longstanding positions of principle on either side. The unmodified word "Berlin" itself is never used, since to have acknowledged in the text that the agrement was about all of Berlin, rather than only the Western sectors, would have contradicted the firmly held position of the Soviet Union on the status of the city. The Quadripartite Agreement, may, indeed, be the only important international instrument in which the subject is never defined.

The intrepretation and implementation of the Quadripartite Agreement by the powers directly concerned, including most particularly the West and East German powers directly concerned, including most particularly the West and East Germans, is a continuing process that is bound both to influence and reflect that state of the broader East-West relationship in Europe. The Quadripartite Agreement will need to be understood in the context of the earlier wartime and postwar agreements that it incorporates as well as the negotiating process through which it was achieved. This book is intended to help meet this need. Where it is not otherwise indicated, information regarding the Four Power negotiations derives from the recollections and personal notes and correspondence of the authors, both of whom were directly involved, one in Washington and one in Berlin

Contents:
Preface
1. The Enduring Fruits of Confusion
2. The Lines are Drawn
3. The Khruschev Years and the Next Crisis
4. The Development of Local Government in Berlin
5. From Crisis to Negotiations
6. Objectives and Expectations
7. The U.S. Negotiating Structure
8. The Negotiating Process
9. Agreement Achieved
10. Language as a Substantive Problem
11. The Inner-German Agreements
12. Berlin in the United Nations
13. Did Everyone Win?
Appendix: The Quadripartite Agreement of September 3, 1971
Select Bibliography; Index

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• Controlling the International Transfer of Weaponry and Related Technology [top]
  Edited by David Carlton, Mirco Elena, Klaus Gottstein and Paul Ingram
  First published in 1995 in Great Britain by Dartmouth Publishing Company Limited, in hardback, 231pp, ISBN 1855215357

About this book: With the end of the Cold War and the 1991 Gulf War, much international attention has focused upon the transfer of weapons and related technology from North to South. The issue of control is complex, involving weapons parts and items that can be used both for military and civilian applications, as well as completed weapon systems. There is a robust proliferation of sophisticated civilian technology that can be used effectively in weapons systems. This volume addresses such issues as: when a transfer is militarily significant; the importance of the integration of appropriate technology into command and control structures; appropriate general strategies for control; the problems of reaching international agreement over transparency of transfers and possible controls; the experience of enforced disarmament by the international community in Iraq; and the special requirements of nuclear weapons control. Nuclear-weapon proliferation has always been a concern since 1945, but now involves the break-up of a major nuclear superpower and increasing difficulties in controlling the global wash of nuclear material. Germany's response in cleaning up its own house, in strengthening national controls, and engaging constructively in international negotiations could perhaps be seen as a model for others. This book is made up of a series of meetings in Italy and Germany held under the auspices of the International School on Disarmament and Research on Conflicts (ISODARCO)

Contents:
Preface by Carlo Schaerf
List of Abbreviations
Notes on the Contributors
1. The Transfer of Military Technologies by Dietrich Schroeer
2. Technology Transfer and Developing Countries by Kosta Tsipis
3. Multiple Uses of Military Technologies by Dietrich Schroeer
4. The UN Arms Transfer Register and its Antecedents by Paul Ingram
5. Proliferation of Nuclear-capable Missiles and International Control Measures by Jurgen Scheffran
6. The Iraq Experience by Dorinda Dallmeyer
7. Controlling Nuclear Weapons in the Commonwealth of Independent States by Georgi Arbatov
8. The Conversion of the Nuclear Weapon Complex of the Former Soviet Union by Marco De Andreis and Francesco Calogero
9. Russian Swords into American Ploughshares by Victor Gilinsky
10. The Non-proliferation Treaty and the German Choice Not to Proliferate by Harald Muller
11. Controlling the Spread of Dual-use Nuclear Technologies by Annette Schaper
12. German Export Controls on Nuclear and Dual-use Goods, 1988-1992 by Alexander Kelle; Index

International Weapons Control

• The Global Community: Migration and the Making of the Modern World Written by W. M. Spellman [top]
  Published in 2002 in Great Britain by Sutton Publishing in hardback with dustjacket, 247pp, ISBN 0750922435
  Front cover: Emigrants from the Hebrides boarding the Matagama at Glasgow docks on their way to Canada, 1923 (Hulton Archive); Rwandan Hutu refugees flee Rwanda in December 1996 (Martha Rial / Pittsburgh Post-Gazette)

About this book: This book is a study of the lot of the migrant - very relevant considering recent headlines and mainstream media discussions: About this book: With the rapid increase of migration across the globe over the past 20 years, the number of countries affected by the results of immigration and emigration has risen substantially. Exploring the development of the global community over the past 500 years, and focusing on the relocation of large groups of people, this book engages in an ongoing debate over the comparative merits of differing cultural, political and intellectual traditions.  There are over 100 million immigrants in the world today (2002), 19 million of whom are refugees, so the importance of historical understanding in this area cannot be overestimated. Tracing the broad sweep of voluntary and involuntary global migration since 1500, and surveying moments or periods of key activity in the relocation of peoples, W. M. Spellman addresses both continental and transcontinental migration. Particular focus is placed on the varied causes of migration; and the historical impact of relocated people on their new homelands, including their skills, ideas and experiences, is evaluated. Thus the book looks not only at the fate of migrants but the reasons for their relocation and their positive contributions to new and different environmental and cultural settings. Addressing the main historical mechanisms that underlie the process of migration in the modern world, this book provides a thoughtful and historical context for anyone interested in the problem- and the challenge - of global migration at the start of the 21st Century. Thought-provoking and informative for the general reader, The Global Community will appeal to those with first-hand experience of migration, or anyone with an interest in historical global problems

Contents:
Acknowledgements; Introduction
PART ONE: THE MERCANTILE ERA: 1500 - 1800
1. Conquerors and Indentures
-A New Continent
-The Iberian Precedent
-Native Peoples
-New Frontiers in North America
-The Religious Factor
-Crown and Commerce
-Native Peoples in North America
2. African Diasporas
-Islam and Slavery
-Africa and Europe
-Africa and America
-Leaving Africa
-Returning to Africa?

PART TWO: THE INDUSTRIAL ERA, 1800 - 1945
3. Free labour and the 'Great Migration'
-Sojourners
-North American Destinations
-Irish Exodus
-The Australian Anomaly
-Latin America After 1800
-Mid-Century Transitions
-Modernizations and Migration
4. Empires and New Indentures
-Non-Western Indentures
-India and Empire
-Leaving the Middle Kingdom
-Japanese Indenture
-Labour and Migration

PART THREE: THE ERA OF GLOBAL MIGRATION: 1945-2000
5. Global Transitions since 1945
-Europe as Host
-Islam, Oil and Guest Workers
-Asia and Nics
-Latin America's Dilemma
-Identities in the North American Republics
-Access and Human Rights
-After the Cold War
6. Refugees in the Modern World
-An Earlier Welcome
-Global War, Displacement and Denial
-Post-War International Agreements
-The Jewish Travail
-Refugees from Russia
-The Emergence of Zionism
-Disputed Homeland
-Postwar Dilemmas
-Divided South and South-East Asia
-Crisis in Africa
-Diaspora at Century's Close

Conclusion: Emerging Patterns in a New Century
-An Aggregate Perspective
-Rich and Poor
-Cheerier Forecasts
-World Systems Theory
-Cultures and Migration

Notes; Index

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• The Reluctant Imperialists: British Foreign Policy 1878-1902. Volume Two: The Documents [top]
  Written by C.J. Lowe
  First published in 1967 in Great Britain by Routledge & Kegan Paul, 139pp, No ISBN

About the Book: This collection of documents illustrates the policy described in the first volume of Dr. Lowe's study. Its purpose is less to define what policy was than to give students some idea of the dialogue that lay behind it. To get at the reasons behind policy, most official despatches are inadequate, and it is necessary to read the private correspondence and, where possible, the memoranda prepared for the cabinet.

Memoranda to the cabinet are particularly insightful because they explain not only the alternative courses of action to the one eventually chosen, but also the strategy at play influencing the outcome.

Particularly revealing are the letters of the Prime Minister to the Sovereign. In the case of Disraeli and Rosebery, the memoranda clearly reveal the differences within the cabinet or the real reason behind the policy of the time. In Queen Victoria's time, the memoranda were as much about convincing her as at explaining decisions made by the Cabinet. The majority of these documents are published here for the first time, but a large number are selected from published papers often widely scattered and difficult to obtain and this is because the author has selected on significance rather than on novelty.

Chapters/Contents:
Chapter 1. The Eastern Question, 1878-1882
Chapter 2. The Evacuation of Egypt
Chapter 3. The Defence of India
Chapter 4. The Mediterranean Alliance
Chapter 5. Partition of East Africa, 1885-1891
Chapter 6. Britain and the Franco Russian Alliance 1888-1892
Chapter 7. Liberal Foreign Policy
Chapter 8. The Near East and Africa
Chapter 9. The Far East

Chapter 1. The Eastern Question, 1878-1882 [top of listing]
Salisbury formulates British objectives in the Near East
1. Salisbury to Disraeli 21 March 1878

Salisbury changes the British interpretation of the Rule of the Straits
2. Derby to Shuvalov 6 May 1877
3. Report of the Cabinet Committee on the Treaty of San Stefano 27 March 1878
4. Salisbury's declaration at the Congress of Berlin 11 July 1878
5. Salisbury 7 May 1885

Salisbury and Disraeli welcome a German alliance to defend the Balkans
6. Salisbury to Disraeli 15 October 1879
7. Northcote to the Queen 4 November 1879

Salisbury's conditions for defending Asia Minor
8. Salisbury to Layard 16 May 1878

The Object of the Cyprus Convention
9. Memorandum 26 July 1878 by General Simmons

Salisbury admits reform in Turkey is a hopeless prospect
10. To Major Trotter 16 September 1879

Goschen emphasizes the Liberal Government's interest in reform in Turkey
11. Goschen to Granville 21 June 1880

Gladstone seeks to maintain continuity in foreign policy, whilst changing the emphasis to the Concert
12. Memorandum of conversation with Granville 23 September 1880

Bismarck offers advice on the Eastern Question
13. Ampthill to Granville 20 December 1881

Conservative Policy in Tunis and Egypt
14. Salisbury to Lyons 7 August 1878
15. Salisbury to Layard 29 October 1878
16. Disraeli to the Queen 21 February 1879
17. Salisbury to Northcote 16 September 1881

Granville and Gladstone accept Salisbury's commitments on Tunis
18. Granville to Lyons 17 June 1880
19. Gladstone to Granville 22 April 1881

The Liberals and the Occupation of Egypt
20. Gladstone to Granville 13 September 1881
21. Granville to Dufferin 26 January 1882
22. Gladstone Memorandum of Cabinet decision of 21 June
23. Gladstone to the Queen 3 July 1882
24. Gladstone to the Queen 27 July 1882

Chapter 2. The Evacuation of Egypt [top of listing]
Britain determines to end the Dual Control
25. Malet to Granville 3 September 1882
26. Gladstone to Granville 3 October 1882

The Liberal Government announces its intention to withdraw from Egypt
27. Granville Draft Circular 14 December 1882

The Problem of the Suez Canal
28. Report of Cabinet Committe 4 November 1882
29. Lyons to Granville 5 June 1883

Granville Tries to Solve the Financial Problem by a European Conference
30. Granville Draft Circular 9 April 1884

The Difficulties of Administering Egypt
31. Baring Memorandum 4 July 1884

The Problems of Evacuation Divide the Cabinet
32. Northbrook Memorandum 9 August 1884
33. Harcourt Memorandum for the Cabinet 16 November 1884
34. Gladstone to Granville 6 January 1885

Gladstone Seeks A Settlement with Bismarck
35. Gladstone to Granville 6 January 1885
36. Malet to Granville 24 January 1885

Bismarck Explains His Colonial Policy
37. Currie, Notes of a Conversation with Prince Bismarck 28 September 1885

The Soudan Problem
38. Baring to Granville 26 March 1884
39. Granville to Baring 29 March 1884
40. Report of a Cabinet Meeting of 12 March 1885

Chapter 3. The Defence of India [top of listing]
Conservative policy to partition Afghanistan
41. Disraeli to the Queen 5 December 1879

Agreement to Defend Afghanistan
42. Griffin to Abdul Rahman Khan July 1880

Big Versus Little Endians
43. Memorandum by H. C. Rawlinson 25 September 1880
44. Memorandum by Northbrook 15 October 1880

Candahar to be Abandoned
45. Hartington to Ripon 11 November 1880

Ripon Advocates an Agreement with Russia
46. Ripon Memorandum 2 September 1881

Persian Boundary Agreement Discounted by Hartington
47. Hartington Memorandum 22 May 1882

Afghan Boundaries
48. Notes by Currie 25 April 1883
49. Memorandum by Barrington 11 March 1885

Herat Means War
50. Gladstone to the Queen 25 March 1885

Granville Stands on Zulficar, having abandoned Pendjeh
51. F. O. Memorandum 18 June 1885

Salisbury maintains Granville's policy on Zulficar
52. Salisbury to Thornton 1 July 1885

Dufferin explains the difficulties of maintaining Afghanistan as a buffer state
53. Dufferin to Churchill 30 July 1885

Salisbury Seeks German Arbitration
54. Currie to Salisbury 4 August 1885, enclosing copy of Paper shown to Herbert Bismarck on 3 August

The problem of defending India
55. Brackenbury Memorandum, Intelligence Branch War Office, 25 January 1887
56. India Office Memorandum November 1891

Chapter 4. The Mediterranean Alliance [top of listing]
Currie and Bismarck discuss Constantinople and Egypt
57. Currie, Notes of a conversation with Prince Bismarck 28 September 1885

Salisbury seeks an Anglo-Turkish solution to the Egyptian Problem
58. Salisbury to Drummond-Wolff 7 August 1885
59. Drummond-Wolff to Salisbury 16 January 1886

Britain gives diplomatic support to the Unification of Bulgaria
60. Salisbury to Morier 2 December 1885
61. Malet to Iddesleigh 21 August 1886
62. Iddesleigh to Salisbury 31 August 1886

Salisbury's anxiety to preserve peace
63. Salisbury to Morier 19 January 1887
64. Salisbury to the Queen 30 January 1887

The negotiation of the First Mediterranean Agreement
65. Salisbury to the Queen 2 February 1887
66. Salisbury to the Queen 10 February 1887
67. Anglo-Italian exchange of Notes 12 February 1887

The negotiations for an Egyptian Convention in 1887
68. Salisbury to the Queen 10 February 1887
69. Salisbury to Durmmond-Wolff 23 February 1887
70. Salisbury to Lyons 20 July 1887
71. Salisbury to White 2 November 1887

Salisbury rejects Russian overtures and reluctantly extends the Mediterranean agreements
72a. Morier to Salisbury 18 August
72b. Salisbury to Morier 19 August 1887
73a. Salisbury to Lumley 28 October 1887
73b. Salisbury to Karolyi and Catalani 12 December 1887

Chapter 5. Partition of East Africa, 1885-1891[top of listing]
Gladstone rejects annexhation in East Africa
74. Gladstone to Granville 12 December 1884

Bismarck applies the Egyptian Lever in Zanzibar
75. Malet to Iddesleigh 2 October 1886

British interests class with those of Germany and Italy in Zanzibar
76. Salisbury to Goschen 14 October 1888

Salisbury rejects a German alliance
77a. Herbert Bismarck to Prince Bismarck 22 March 1889
77b. Hatzfeld to Bulow 20 April 1898

Negotiations for an African Settlement with Germany in 1890
78. Salisbury to the Queen 24 May 1890
79. Salisbury Memorandum for the Cabinet 2 June 1890
80. Salisbury to the Queen 4 June 1890

The protection of the Nile
81. Baring to Salisbury 15 June 1889
82. Baring to Salisbury 15 March 1890
83. Salisbury to Baring 31 August 1890
84. Salisbury to Baring 21 November 1890

Chapter 6. Britain and the Franco Russian Alliance 1888-1892 [top of listing]
British Military Weakness
85. Brackenbury Memorandum, Intelligence Branch War Office, 22 March 1886
86. Brackenbury Memorandum, Intelligence Branch War Office, 25 January 1887

The invasion scare of 1888 and the origin of the Naval Defence Act
87. Brackenbury Memorandum 8 June 1888
88. Hamilton Memorandum 19 June 1888
89. Salisbury Memorandum 29 June1888
90. Salisbury Memorandum 6 November 1888
91. Hamilton 10 November 1888, enclosing Hood Memorandum of July

The Development of the Policy of Limited Support for Italy in the Mediterranean
92. Salisbury to Dufferin 28 December 1888
94. Salisbury to Dering 25 July 1889
95. Deym to Kalnoky 17 June 1891

The Defence of Constantinople
96. Memorandum by Salisbury 4 June in comment on Joint Report of D.M.I and D.N.I, 18 March 1892

Chapter 7. Liberal Foreign Policy [top of listing]
Rosebery gives assurances on the continuity of foreign policy
97a. Deym to Kalnoky 3 November 1892
97b. Memorandum by Rosebery 5 September 1892

Naval Expansion and Foreign Policy in 1893
98. Spencer Memorandum 8 December 1893

The deterioration of relations with the Triple Alliance
99. Rosebery to Malet 3 January 1894
100. Deym to Kalnoky 13 June 1894
101. Rosebery to Malet 6 January 1895
102. Malet to Salisbury 7 July 1895

Rosebery urges the retention of Uganda
103. Rosebery Memorandum 16 September 1892

Kimberley suggests concessions in West Africa in return for an agreement on the Nile
104. Kimberley to Dufferin 14 August 1894

Kimberley supports the Grey Declaration
105. Courcel to Hanotaux 2 April 1895

Dufferin congratulates Rosebery on the Siam settlement
106. Dufferin to Rosebery 31 July 1893

The Problem in the Pamirs, 1892-1893
107. Memorandum by Bertie 24 January 1893

Britain Adopts a Negative Policy in the Far East
108. Kimberley to the Queen 23 April 1895

Chapter 8. The Near East and Africa [top of listing]
The Armenian Problem and the Straits
109. Salisbury to Currie 19, 23 August 1895
110. Goschen to Salisbury 7 December 1895
111. Salisbury to Currie 17 December 1895
112. Goschen to Salisbury 7 December 1895
113. Salisbury, Report on Audience with the Tsar at Balmoral 27 September 1896
114. Salisbury to Currie 23 November 1896
115. Salisbury to Currie 19 October 1897

Relations with the Triple Alliance
116. Deym to Goluchowski 6 February 1896
117. Salisbury to the Queen 19 February 1896
118. Salibury to Lascelles 10 March 1896
119. Salisbury to Currie 15 December 1896

The Reconquest of the Sudan
120. Hicks-Beach to Salisbury 19 October 1896
121. Baring to Salisbury 22 October 1897
122. Baring Memorandum 5 November 1897
123. Monson to Hanotaux 10 December 1897
124. Salisbury to Monson 12 October 1898

The Portuguese Colonies
125. Kimberley to Malet 5 December 1894
126. Balfour Memorandum 5 September 1898

Chapter 9. The Far East [top of listing]
Salisbury seeks an understanding with Russia
127. Salisbury to O'Conor 25 Januaryu 1898

The Cabinet Decides Against War over Port Arthur
128. Balfour to the Queen 26 March 1898

Balfour opposes a forceful policy over Manchurian railway concessions
129. Balfour Memorandum 15 August 1898

Chamberlain advocates an agreement with Germany on the Open Door
130. Chamberlain Memorandum 10 September 1900

Negotiations with Germany on the Far East in 1901
131. Lansdowne Memorandum 12 March 1901
132. Lansdowne to Lascelles 18 March 1901
133. Salisbury Memorandum 29 May 1901
134. Lansdown to Lascelles 19 December 1901

Negotiations with Japan
135. Selborne Memorandum 4 September 1901
136. Lansdowne Memorandum 25 October 1901
137. Salisbury to Lansdowne 7 January 1902
138. Lansdowne to MacDonald 7 January 1902
139. The Anglo-Japanese Treaty: Draft of 23 January 1902
140. Salisbury (4th Marquis) to Balfour 9 November 1905

• Strengthening the Capacity of NGOs: Cases of Small Enterprise Development Agencies in Africa [top]
  Written by Caroline Sahley
  First published in 1995 in Great Britain by INTRAC in their NGO Management and Policy Series, in paperback, 164pp, ISBN 1897748108

About this book: This book makes a practical and timely contribution to the current debate on capacity building and organisational development for NGOs. Although the case material is taken from Africa, the principles evolved in these pages are of more universal interest and significance to all development practitioners. The book builds on the foundations laid in INTRAC's earlier study of institutional development in Africa (Fowler et al, 1992), which is a benchmark study for those involved in development work with NGOs worldwide. The present book grew out of an INTRAC initiative to explore the nature of small enterprise development in Africa because UK NGOs wanted to increase support for African small enterprise development programmes and literature and experience was lacking, being mostly focused on Latin America and Asia. INTRAC therefore decided to explore the experiences of NGOs in Africa by setting up a series of workshops in the UK.

Four workshops took place in 1994 and looked at different aspects of enterprise development, including credit, marketing and training, gender and capacity building. These workshops benefitted from the contributions from UK NGOs such as Care, Traidcraft Exchange, Intermediate Technology Development Group, Womankind Worldwide, Durham University Business School and experienced enterprise development practitioners from Kenya, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya, Egypt, Ghana and Niger.

A growing proportion of overseas aid resources is flowing through indigenous NGOs in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Concerns about the capacity and performance of many Southern NGOs are leading Northern NGOs and official donors to seek ways of strengthening their partners that extend beyond technical and financial support. Capacity building models that strengthen and empower local NGOs by improving their management ability and organisational capacities are now an essential component of overseas development strategies. The small enterprise development sector has been the focus of many capacity building efforts. The need for financial and organisational expertise in this sector highlights the importance of developing sound and effective approaches to capacity building. This book examines the theory and practice of capacity building. It discusses common organisational challenges facing NGOs and presents in-depth practical case studies. These cases illustrate a range of assistance models designed to increase the organisational capacity of small enterprise development agencies in Africa

Contents:
Foreword by Brian Pratt
Preface
PART ONE: INTRODUCTION
1. Strengthening the Capacity of Southern NGOs
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Core Concepts
1.3. Changing Trends in Development Assistance
1.4 Conclusions

PART TWO: CAPACITY BUILDING FOR SMALL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES: KEY ISSUES
2. NGOs and Small Enterprise Development
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Small Scale Enterprises: From Poverty Alleviation to National Economic Development
2.3 NGO Approaches to Enterprise Development
2.4 Small Enterprise Development in Africa
2.5 Conclusions: Challenges Facing Small Enterprise Development

3. Small Enterprise Development Agencies: Roles, Functions, and Characteristics
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Community Based Organisations on Enterprise Development
3.3 Small Business Associations: Advocates or Service Providers?
3.4 Generalist NGOs: Effective Enterprise Development Agencies?
3.5 Specialist Enterprise Development NGOs
3.6 Credit Agencies: Can They Be Externally Created?
3.7 Conclusions

PART THREE: APPROACHES TO ASSESSING AND STRENGTHENING THE ORGANISATIONAL CAPACITY OF NGOS
4. Organisational Characteristics of NGOs
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Organisational Challenges Facing NGOs
4.3 Conclusions

5. Organisational Assessment of NGOs
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Organisational Assessment Frameworks
5.3 The Application of Organisational Assessment Frameworks
5.4 Conclusions

6. Capacity Building Models and Approaches
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Capacity Building Inputs
6.3 Institutional Development of the NGO Sector
6.4 Providers of Capacit Building Services
6.5 Service Delivery Options
6.6 Conclusions

PART FOUR: CAPACITY BUILDING CASE STUDIES
7. Organisational Development Support for NGOs
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Organisational Development: Theory and Practice
7.3 The Triple Trust Organisation, South Africa
7.4 Symacon, Zimbabwe: Systems Management Consultancy for NGOs
7.5 Conclusions: Organisational Development for NGOs

8. Strengthening Small Business Associations
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Association of Small Scale Industries, Ghana
8.3 The Ugandan Small Scale Industries Association
8.4 Conclusions

9. Creating Local Credit Agencies
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Bankin Raya Karkara Rural Credit Institution: Care, Niger
9.3 The Opportunity Network, Zimbabwe
9.4 Conclusions

PART FIVE: CONCLUSIONS
10. Strengthening the Capacity of NGOs: Going Beyond the Rhetoric of Partnership
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Key Issues in Successful Capacity Building for Southern NGOs
10.3 Implication for Northern NGOs
10.4 Conclusions: Changing NGO Roles in Development

• Turks and Greeks: Neighbours in Conflict [top]
  Written by Vamik D. Volkan and Norman Itzkowitz
  First published in 1994 - reprinted 1995 - in Great Britain by the Eothen Press, in paperback, 233pp, ISBN 0906719305

About this book/synopsis: Turkish-Greek relations are at best strained, and from time to time, the two nations stand on the brink of conflict. Their problems fall into the category of regional conflicts. There are important practical issues at stake - chiefly, sovereign rights in the Aegean Sea and the future of Cyprus. These difficult issues are made worse by a historical legacy of suspicion and fear, and by a romantic Greek understanding of the past and vision of the future. In this psychopolitical study, the deeply rooted tensions underlying Turkish-Greek relations are examined by two authors experienced in this field of enquiry, as evidenced by their acclaimed insightful study: The Immortal Ataturk: A Psychobiography (1984).

Volkan and Itzkowitz's application of their expertise and particular optic to the historical interplay between Athens and Ankara highlights key 'chosen traumas' and 'chosen glories' that impede reconciliation. It also exposes a shared thread of expansionism and ill-defined sens of 'national' boundaries. Historically, both the Hellenistic and Ottoman Empires abhorred a vacuum, filling it whenever their military might and cultural influence were sufficient to do so. Today, their heirs and successors still grapple with the 'memories' of their successes and failures in the ebb and flow of their shared history. The trauma induced by the Ottoman conquests remains a living part of the national psyche in Greece and the Balkans centuries after the actual threat has receded. The authors concern themselves not with the historical events themselves, but with the psychological processes by which each side continue to characterise and 'displace' each other based on those events: the psychological investment in past feelings of victimization and achievement.

The psychological foundations of the Turkish-Greek relations explored by this book may explain irrational attitudes, whilst differentiating fantasy and unconscious phenomena from reality. The Turkish-Greek conflict will offer an example par excellence (the authors state) of inter-ethnic neighbour psychology and show how this psychology may become a pathological, unseen focus dominating political, economic, legal, and military factors. No such analysis is possible without knowing the parties' histories and the unconscious ingredients of their political cultures. The book will first provide a general overview of the psychology of large group neighbours and then discuss the encounters and hostilities, as well as the partnerships, between the Turks and Greeks beginning in 1071 when the Turkish Seljukid leader Sultan Alp Arslan defeated the Byzantine Emperor Romanus Diogenes IV at Manzikert. The flow of history between the two nations will be examined with a psychological lens.

The authors believe that a psychological analysis of enemy image structures, once fully understood, could gradually facilitate the development of an attitude more amenable to a peaceful solution to the differences that separate the Turks and the Greeks. The purpose is to help the Turks and the Greeks, as well as any third party involved, to understand the deep and complex psychological needs, motives and anxieties beneath so-called national sovereignty interests, rights and obligations of states, prestige and dignity of nations, tactics-policy-strategy calculations and 'realpolitik', which are usually considered to be determinants of foreign policy and international relations. The authors also state that they hope the book will be an example of how an in-depth pscyho-historical and psycho-political analysis can be carried out.

It should be noted when reading this book that it was written in the mid-1990s when the new world order was still forming and the West had just been involved in repelling Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and the ethnic conflicts in Bosnia. Throughout, the Soviet Union was disintegrating into its respective nation states; and the normative aspect of the 'new world order' was still in an elementary stage in terms of underdeveloped international law and institutions. The regional Turkish-Greek conflict in this book is therefore approached with this as the background.

Contents:
Foreword by former Ambassador W. Nathaniel Howell
Preface and Acknowledgements
Map 1: The Balkans and the Middle East

1. History Through a Psychological Lens
-The Psychology of Large Group Neighbours Ethnicity
-Chosen traumas and chosen glories
-The Shaking of the Ethnik Tent
2. Anatolia before the Turks
-Greek Migrations
-Map 2: Seljuk Turks in Anatolia (1243)
-The Persian Wars
-Alexander and Hellenism
-The Romans and Christianity
-Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire
3. From Manzikert to Constantinople - The First Encounters
-The Crusades
-The Beginning of the Ottomans
4. Greek Inability to Mourn over Constantinople
-The Seed of the Megali Idea
-Linking and Unlinking
-Mehmet the Conqueror and Oedipal Themes
-Mutual Curiosity
-Cross-Identification
5. The Mourning Process of the Turks
-St. Sophia
-The Age of Koca Mimar Sinan
6. The Ottoman Empire
-Map 3: The Ottoman Empire
-Institutional Arrangements
-Careers
-Osmanli (Ottoman)
-The Millet System
-The Nineteenth Century
-The End of the Ottoman Empire
-The View of the Turk
7. 'Togetherness'
-Turkokratia
-Turkish Life During the Ottoman Period
8. 'Separateness'
-Klephts, Armatoles, Phanariots, and Merchants
-The Building of a Nation and the Megali Idea
-Greek Nationalism
-Massive Group Projections
9. The Last Century of the Ottoman Empire
-Mahmut II vs. Mehmet Ali
-Tanzimat
-Wanton Characterization
-Crete
-Capitulations
-Abdulhamit II and the Young Turks
10. The Turkish War of Independence
-Facing the Greeks
11. Ataturk and Modern Turkish Nationalism
-Early Childhood
-From Mustafa Kemal to Ataturk
-Ataturk's Personality Organization and his Westernization Efforts
-Kemalism
-After Ataturk
12. The Peace Disappears
-After the 1930s
-Cyprus
-The Aegean Sea
13. The Latest Encounter - The Cyprus Conflict
-The History of Cyprus before the Ottoman Conquest
-The Ottoman Period
-British Rule
-Makarios III and Colonel Grivas
-EOKA and Volkan
-The Republic of Cyprus
-The 'End' of the Republic of Cyprus
-The Birds of Cyprus
-Sampson
-Summer 1974
14. Cyprus after 1974
-Map 4: Present Day Cyprus
-Denktas-Makarios Guidelines
-The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
-Legal Opinions, 'Real World' Politics and Life on a Divided Island
-Any Solution?
15. Davos and Beyond
-The Gulf War
-Turkic Republics
-Recent Problems
16. Symptoms of Obsession
-The Media
-Diplomatic Contacts
-Contacts Among Citizens
-'Other-directed' Cultures
17. 'Istanbul' not Constantinople
-The Greek Identity
-The Turkish Identity
-A Comparative Summary
-Assuming Responsibilities
Notes; Glossary; References